The following command line creates a certificate signed with the CA private key. The certificate is valid for 365 days. Openssl x509 -in waipio.ca.cert.csr -out waipio.ca.cert -req -signkey waipio.ca.key -days 365 Create a PKCS#12-encoded file containing the certificate and private key.
These commands generate and use private keys in unencrypted binary(not Base64 “PEM”) PKCS#8 format. The PKCS#8 format is used here becauseit is the most interoperable format when dealing with software that isn'tbased on OpenSSL.
OpenSSL has a variety of commands that can be used to operate on privatekey files, some of which are specific to RSA (e.g.
openssl rsa andopenssl genrsa ) or which have other limitations. Here we always useopenssl pkey , openssl genpkey , and openssl pkcs8 , regardless of the typeof key.
The first section describes how to generate private keys. The second andthird sections describe how to extract the public key from the generatedprivate key. Puzzle game in dev c++. The last section describes how to inspect a private key'smetadata.
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Generating Private Keys
Ed25519 isn't listed here because OpenSSL's command line utilities do notsupport Ed25519 keys yet.
ECC
The key will use the named curve form, i.e. the only correct form, whichunfortunately isn't the default form in all versions of OpenSSL.
The algorithm identifier will be
id-ecPublicKey (1.2.840.10045.2.1 ),which is what software for signing and verifying ECDSA signatures expects.
ECC P-256ECC P-384RSA
The key will have two primes (i.e. it will not be a multi-prime key), andpublic exponent 65537, which are by far the most interoperable parameters.Unless you have special requirements, generate a 2048-bit key.
The key's algorithm identifier is
rsaEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.1 ),which is the most interoperable form. Almost all software will accept keysmarked as such for use in RSA encryption and for RSA PKCS#1 1.5 signatures andRSA-PSS signatures.
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2048-bit RSA3072-bit RSAExtracting the Public Key from the Private Key as a SubjectPublicKeyInfo.
PKCS#8 files are self-describing, and PKCS#8 private key files contain thepublic key, so the public key can be extracted from the private key file:
Examples:
Extracting an RSA Public Key from the Private Key Without the SubjectPublicKeyInfo Metadata
Above, we said we would only need
openssl pkey , openssl genpkey , andopenssl pkcs8 , but that's only true if you don't need to output thelegacy form of the public key. If you need the legacy form in binary (“DER”)format then can do the conversion following this example:
Openssl Generate Rsa Certificate
The Base64 (“PEM”) form can be output following this example:
Inspecting a Key's Public Metadata
PKCS#8 files are self-describing, and PKCS#8 private key files contain thepublic key, so a single command can output all the public properties forany private key.
WARNING: By default OpenSSL's command line tool will output the valueof the private key, even when you ask for it to output the public metadata;the
-noout parameter suppresses this.
For example, if you generated
p256-private-key.p8 as described in thein the section on generating private keys, then given the command:
you'd see output like this (with a different value for
pub , the public key):
As another example, if you generated
rsa-2048-private-key.p8 as described in the section on generating private keys, then this:
would output something like this (with a different
modulus value):
Common OpenSSL Commands with Keys and CertificatesGenerate RSA private key with certificate in a single commandGenerate Certificate Signing Request (CSR) from private key with passphraseGenerate RSA private key (2048 bit)Generate a Certificate Signing Request (CSR)Generate RSA private key (2048 bit) and a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) with a single commandC Generate Rsa Key Without Openssl LoginConvert private key to PEM formatGenerate a self-signed certificate that is valid for a year with sha256 hashView details of a RSA private keyView details of a CSRView details of a CertificateView details of a Certificate in DER formatConvert a DER file (.crt .cer .der) to PEMConvert a PEM file to DERComments are closed.
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